Heating Effect Of Electric Current

Renaissance of 200-Year Old Technology Could Ease 21st Century Sustainability ...

Posted on: Wednesday, 22 June 2011, 16:55 CDT

The obscure technology used in heated automobile seats, gadgets that charge iPhones from the heat of a campfire, and other devices is undergoing a renaissance and could well emerge as a new "green" substitute for traditional sources of energy and play other key roles in addressing some of society's most pressing sustainability issues. That's the conclusion of an article on the technology — termed thermoelectrics — in the current issue of Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) the American Chemical Society's weekly newsmagazine.

In the article, C&EN Senior Editor Mitch Jacoby points out that the key scientific discoveries underpinning thermoelectrics date to the early 1800s. The effect involves direct conversion of temperature differences to electric current and the use of electric current to either absorb or release heat, thereby cooling or heating objects. Thermoelectric technology is at the heart of climate-conditioned car seats, gadgets that recharge personal electronics from campfires, and could be used in refrigerators with no moving parts, and an array of other applications.

Manufacturers in the 1960s were actively producing thermoelectric cooling and power-supply devices. Although that niche market, mainly for the military and aerospace industries remained, interest in the thermoelectric effect dwindled. But during recent years, there has been resurgence in interest from both manufacturers and scientists. Advances in materials used to make thermoelectric devices are paving the way for multiple new applications, described in the article.

Brandon Chiropractor Combination Treatments to Minimize Back and ...

Major injury resulting in Minor trauma resulting in Low back pain and neck muscle pain resulting from inflammation or injury to the spinal disc, joints of the spinal column or pinched spinal nerves respond favorably to multiple therapies. Combination therapy involves the application of 3 forms of treatments applied in conjunction.

The multiple therapies are electrical nerve stimulation, therapeutic ultrasound and chiropractic therapy. Each therapy helps to decrease inflammation, lower pain and elevate or Velcro straps. Electrical muscle stimulation is a form of electrotherapy used for muscle weakening and pain lessening.

The first treatment is electrical nerve and muscle stimulation-EMS, also known as E-stim, is the stimulation of muscle tension using electrical impulses. The electrical muscle stimulation is delivered through electrodes placed on the muscle surface directly over the muscles of the lower back or neck. The electronic current causes the muscles to weaken and tire.

The applicator pads are silicon or wet conductive material that apply to the skin mostly using sticky surface or Velcro cloth. E-stim is a form of electrotherapy used for muscle weakening and pain control.

The next treatment is ultrasonic therapy in which bouncing sound waves penetrate the neck and back muscles creating a deep thermal effect or pulsating sensation. The high frequency sound waves of therapeutic ultrasound penetrate soft tissue from 2 to 5 cm. The deep heating effect and effectiveness decreases as the sound waves penetrate deeper into the neck and back muscles. The ultrasonic waves are impacted mainly by connective tissue such as: ligaments, tendons and muscles.

Ultrasound therapy helps in two ways: Penetrating heating thermal effects and non thermal tissue vibration benefits. The thermal benefits result from the sound waves stimulation kinetic energy and motion penetrating the tissue. The sound waves creates a penetrating warm relaxing painful neck and back muscles, increasing the blood flow and therefore the healing capacity.

Non thermal effects of ultrasound are from the high frequency wave producing vibrations. The vibrations directly stimulates the inflamed muscles. These vibrations effect the tissue effects of the healing response.

The third combination therapy is chiropractic spinal treatment. Chiropractic spinal adjustment refers to a chiropractor treating with gentle movements to the spinal vertebrae of the neck and back that have motion or fail to function normally. Chiropractic treatment or chiropractic adjustment is a normal therapeutic treatment for freedom of low back and neck pain.

The Encyclopaedia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature

Elements of physics

Storage batteries, incandescent lighting, arc lighting, interior wiring, modern electric-lighting devices, electric signs, electric heating

The Encyclopaedia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature

A physical treatise on electricity and magnetism